### Environment
Tehran Province faces significant environmental challenges, primarily dictated by its rapid urbanization and geographic positioning.
* **Air Quality:** Severe air pollution is the province's most critical environmental issue. The Alborz mountains trap vehicle emissions and industrial smog over the city, especially during winter temperature inversions. * **Water Quality and Scarcity:** While tap water is treated and generally safe to drink, the province faces long-term water scarcity due to drought, climate change, and high per-capita consumption. * **Protected Areas:** Despite urban sprawl, the province maintains vital green spaces. Khojir and Sorkhe Hesar National Parks (established in 1754 as royal hunting grounds) are among the oldest protected areas globally. The Central Alborz Protected Area offers critical biodiversity conservation. * **Sustainability & Recycling:** Recycling initiatives are growing, with the municipality providing designated bins and collection services, though widespread public adherence is still developing. There are ongoing efforts to transition the public transport fleet to natural gas and electric vehicles to combat emissions.
