While highly urbanized, Tehran Province maintains a significant agricultural sector, particularly in its eastern and southern counties. The county of Damavand in the east is famous nationwide for its high-quality apples, cherries, and walnuts, benefiting from the cool mountain climate.
In the southern plains, particularly around Varamin, Pakdasht, and Ray, agriculture is heavily dependent on irrigation. These areas produce significant quantities of wheat, barley, maize, and diverse vegetables. In recent decades, there has been a massive expansion of greenhouse farming in the south to conserve water and maximize yields for the demanding urban market. Livestock farming, particularly poultry and dairy production, is also a major industry, designed to supply the massive daily food requirements of the Tehran metropolis.