Because Annandale is a census-designated place and an unincorporated community, it does not have its own municipal government, mayor, or city council. Instead, it is governed by Fairfax County.
Local governance is administered by the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Annandale falls primarily within the Mason Magisterial District (and partially in the Braddock District). Public services—including law enforcement, fire and rescue, public works, zoning, and public schools—are managed entirely at the county level. Residents are represented politically by state delegates and senators in the Virginia General Assembly, and by U.S. Representatives in Congress (primarily Virginia's 8th and 11th congressional districts).