Greater London boasts one of the most extensive and heavily used public transportation networks in the world, managed largely by **Transport for London (TfL)**.
* **The Tube (London Underground):** The oldest rapid transit system in the world, featuring 11 lines that form the backbone of the city's transit. * **Rail & Overground:** The London Overground serves outer neighborhoods, while the recently opened Elizabeth Line (Crossrail) provides high-speed east-west connectivity. Massive National Rail hubs like Waterloo, Victoria, and King's Cross connect London to the rest of the UK. * **Buses:** The iconic red double-decker buses operate across hundreds of routes, including a comprehensive night bus network. * **Airports:** London is served by six major airports: Heathrow (one of the world's busiest), Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, London City, and Southend. * **Cycling & Walking:** TfL has heavily invested in cycling infrastructure, including dedicated "Cycleways" and a widespread public bicycle hire scheme (Santander Cycles). * **Roads:** Driving in central London is managed by a Congestion Charge and an Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) to reduce traffic and improve air quality.