The topography of Westminster is generally flat and low-lying, characteristic of the London Basin and the Thames flood plain. Historically, the southern edge along the Thames was marshland, notably the area around the original Thorney Island where Westminster Abbey stands.
The land rises gradually as one moves northward from the river toward neighborhoods like St John's Wood and Maida Vale. The lowest points are found along the Thames riverbank, which is now heavily embanked (such as the Victoria Embankment) to prevent tidal flooding. There are no notable natural hills or prominent geological elevations within the borough, though gentle inclines characterize the transition from the river basin into the northern reaches of central London.