Located in the midlands of Kerala, Thodupuzha sits at the foothills of the Western Ghats. The town's geography is defined by the Thodupuzha River, which bisects the municipality before merging into the larger Muvattupuzha River further downstream.
The landscape is characterized by deep green vegetation, dominated by rubber estates, coconut groves, and mixed tropical forests. Because it serves as a transitional zone, the geography shifts noticeably as one travels east from Thodupuzha, moving from the humid, flat midlands into the steep, cool, and mist-covered ranges of the Idukki district.
Natural resources in the immediate vicinity include fertile alluvial soil along the riverbanks, laterite soil suitable for rubber, and abundant freshwater resources. Nearby geological and natural features include the popular Thommankuthu waterfalls, a multi-step cascading waterfall situated roughly 18 kilometers from the town.