Sweden is a **constitutional monarchy** and **parliamentary democracy**. The monarch is head of state with largely ceremonial duties, while executive political power is exercised by the government led by the prime minister. The current constitutional system is based primarily on the Instrument of Government and related fundamental laws.
## National structure
- **Head of state:** The King of Sweden - **Head of government:** The Prime Minister - **Legislature:** The **Riksdag**, a unicameral parliament with 349 members - **Administrative model:** Unitary state with substantial local and regional administration
## Administrative divisions
Sweden is divided into: - **Counties (län):** Administrative regions used for state governance and coordination - **Municipalities (kommuner):** The main local government units responsible for many everyday public services
Regions and municipalities play an important role in delivering services. Regions are especially important in healthcare and public transport, while municipalities handle areas such as schools, local planning, social services, water, waste, and elder care.
## Political representation
The Riksdag is elected through proportional representation, which typically produces coalition or minority governments supported by negotiated parliamentary agreements. Swedish politics has long featured strong party organization and high voter participation by international standards.
## Public services
Core public services include: - Universal or broadly accessible healthcare through regional systems - Public education from primary through upper secondary levels - Childcare and family services - Elder care and social welfare administration - Transport planning and local infrastructure - Emergency services coordinated through local, regional, and national authorities
Sweden is also known for a large and professional civil service, strong public records traditions, and extensive local autonomy within a national legal framework. The country is a member of the European Union and, as of 2024, NATO.
