Moscow Oblast is situated in the central part of the East European Plain. It borders the regions of Tver to the northwest, Yaroslavl to the north, Vladimir to the northeast, Ryazan to the southeast, Tula to the south, Kaluga to the southwest, and Smolensk to the west. The city of Moscow operates as a separate federal subject entirely contained within the oblast's borders.
The region boasts a rich network of rivers belonging to the Volga basin. The most prominent is the Moskva River, which flows through the center, while the Oka River forms a natural boundary in the south, and the Klyazma River flows to the east. Forests cover over 40% of the oblast, featuring mixed woodlands of birch, pine, spruce, and oak. Natural resources include peat, clay, limestone, and phosphorite.
