Kathmandu's infrastructure is currently undergoing a period of modernization, though it still faces significant capacity challenges. Electricity is provided by the state-owned Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA). Thanks to recent hydropower developments, the city has successfully eliminated the rolling blackouts (load shedding) that plagued it in the 2010s.
Water supply has historically been a critical issue. The long-awaited Melamchi Water Supply Project recently began diverting water from neighboring districts to Kathmandu, significantly improving municipal water access, though many households still rely on groundwater extraction and private water tankers.
Telecommunications and internet infrastructure are quite robust. The city enjoys near-universal cellular coverage through major providers like NTC and Ncell, with widespread 4G and growing 5G availability. High-speed fiber-optic broadband is highly accessible and relatively affordable, dominated by ISPs such as WorldLink, Vianet, and Classic Tech.
