While sister-city arrangements are more commonly negotiated at the municipal level (such as Kochi's relationships with Vilnius, Lithuania, and Pyatigorsk, Russia), Kerala engages in broader state-level partnerships.
Notably, the State of Kerala signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with **Wakayama Prefecture, Japan** in 2019 to cooperate in areas including tourism, food processing, and disaster management.

