Khuzestan has a population of approximately 4.7 million people, making it one of Iran's most populous provinces. The demographic profile is notably young, though urban migration and economic factors have influenced growth rates in recent years.
The province is a rich mosaic of ethnicities. The central and southern plains are home to a large population of Iranian Arabs, who maintain their distinct Arabic dialects and cultural traditions. The northern and eastern mountainous regions are predominantly populated by Bakhtiari Lurs. Native Persian speakers, along with smaller populations of Qashqai and other groups, are spread throughout, particularly in major urban centers like Ahvaz.
The vast majority of the population adheres to Shia Islam, which influences daily life, customs, and local governance. Despite the province's immense natural wealth, localized unemployment and poverty remain challenges, prompting a focus on education and vocational training among the younger generations.