Khuzestan is situated in the southwestern corner of Iran. It is bordered by the provinces of Ilam to the northwest, Lorestan to the north, Isfahan to the northeast, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari to the east, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad to the southeast. To the west, it shares a long international border with Iraq, and to the south, it meets the shores of the Persian Gulf.
The province's physical geography is broadly divided into two distinct regions. The northern and eastern parts are dominated by the rugged, towering peaks and deep valleys of the Zagros Mountains. Conversely, the southern and western areas feature the expansive, flat Khuzestan Plain, which is an extension of the Mesopotamian lowland.
Khuzestan is uniquely blessed with abundant surface water compared to the rest of Iran. It is crisscrossed by several major rivers, including the Karun, Karkheh, Dez, and Marun. These waterways are vital for the province's agriculture and have shaped its natural and human geography for millennia.