Isfahan Province generally experiences an arid and semi-arid climate, classified primarily as BSk (Cold semi-arid) and BWk (Cold desert) under the Köppen climate classification. Because of its varying topography, weather conditions can differ significantly from the mountainous west to the eastern deserts.
In the central plains and the capital, summers (June to August) are typically long, hot, and dry, with daytime high temperatures frequently exceeding 35°C (95°F) but dropping comfortably at night due to the high elevation. Winters (December to February) are short but cold, with average temperatures dropping below freezing at night and occasional snowfall.
The province receives very little precipitation, averaging about 100 to 150 mm annually in the plains, most of which falls between November and April. The best time to visit is during the spring (April and May) and autumn (September and October), when the weather is mild and pleasant. The province is highly susceptible to droughts, which act as its most prominent natural challenge.