The topography of Isfahan Province is defined by sharp contrasts. The western and southwestern areas are highly mountainous, belonging to the Zagros mountain range. The highest point in the province is Mount Shahankuh, reaching an elevation of 4,040 meters (13,250 ft). Another prominent range is the Karkas Mountains in the north, near Natanz and Kashan, which feature craggy, snow-capped peaks peaking above 3,800 meters.
Moving eastward from the mountains, the terrain steps down into sprawling, elevated plains and plateaus that average around 1,500 meters in elevation. These plains are where the major population centers, including the city of Isfahan, are located.
Further to the east and northeast, the topography descends into the basin of the central Iranian deserts. This area is characterized by vast, flat, and arid expanses, punctuated by seasonal salt lakes, shifting sand dunes, and low, rugged hills.