According to the last official census in 2016, Isfahan Province has a population of approximately 5.12 million people, making it one of the most populous provinces in Iran. The population is highly urbanized, with over 80% of residents living in cities and metropolitan areas.
The ethnic composition is predominantly Persian, but the province is known for its historical diversity. There are significant populations of Lurs and Bakhtiaris in the western and southern mountainous regions, as well as Qashqai communities. The Jolfa district in the capital city is famously home to a historic Armenian Christian community established in the 17th century.
While the vast majority of the population follows Shia Islam, there are also recognized and historical minority communities of Christians (mostly Armenian Apostolic), Jews, and Zoroastrians. The province boasts a highly educated populace, with literacy rates well above the national average, supporting its transition into tech and advanced manufacturing sectors.
