- **Information Technology and Software Services** Bengaluru is India’s best-known IT hub, with major domestic and multinational firms engaged in software development, consulting, cloud services, and enterprise technology.
- **Startups and Venture-backed Technology** The city has one of the country’s strongest startup ecosystems, especially in fintech, edtech, e-commerce, health tech, SaaS, and mobility.
- **Aerospace and Defense** Long before the software boom, Bengaluru was a major center for aviation and defense production, with public-sector and research institutions playing a major role.
- **Electronics and Telecommunications** Electronics manufacturing, telecom equipment, embedded systems, and design engineering remain important parts of the metropolitan economy.
- **Biotechnology and Life Sciences** Bengaluru is a leading Indian center for biotech research, pharmaceuticals-related activity, and life sciences entrepreneurship.
- **Education and Research** Universities, engineering colleges, laboratories, and research institutes form a major institutional industry cluster and support the city’s skilled workforce.
- **Healthcare** Large hospitals, specialty care centers, diagnostics, medical education, and health services attract patients from across India and abroad.
- **Construction and Real Estate** Residential townships, office parks, retail centers, and infrastructure projects have made construction a major employer, though the sector is cyclical.
- **Retail and Hospitality** Malls, restaurants, hotels, neighborhood commerce, and e-commerce logistics serve a large and affluent consumer market.
- **Manufacturing and Industrial Production** While services dominate the city’s image, manufacturing remains important in machinery, precision engineering, aerospace components, and industrial goods.
