Tamil Nadu's diverse topography supports a wide array of flora and fauna, with protected areas heavily concentrated in the Western Ghats.
* **National Parks:** Guindy National Park (one of the few urban national parks in India), Mudumalai National Park, Mukurthi National Park, and the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park. * **Tiger Reserves:** Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve. * **Biosphere Reserves:** The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve are internationally recognized for their endemic biodiversity, including the endangered Nilgiri tahr and lion-tailed macaque.