Sprendlingen is located in the Lower Main Plain (Untermainebene), a geographically forgiving and fertile region of central Germany. It is situated roughly 10 kilometers south of Frankfurt am Main and 20 kilometers north of Darmstadt. The district is bounded to the north by the expansive Frankfurt City Forest (Frankfurter Stadtwald).
The area is traversed by the Hengstbach stream, a modest local watercourse that shapes some of the town's green spaces. The geography is predominantly characterized by urban and suburban land usage, interspersed with parks, small forested areas, and remaining patches of agricultural land on the southern and eastern fringes. Natural resources are limited mostly to the fertile soil and timber from nearby managed forests.