While urban Thimphu has little agricultural footprint, the rural areas of the Thimphu Dzongkhag remain deeply agrarian. The valley floors and terraced hillsides are used to cultivate rice (including Bhutan's famous high-altitude red rice), wheat, maize, and buckwheat.
Orchards producing apples and walnuts are common in the temperate zones, contributing significantly to local farm income. In the higher altitude areas of the district, such as Lingshi, nomadic yak herding remains a vital way of life, producing dairy products like chhurpi (hard cheese) and butter. The government actively promotes organic farming, aligning with Bhutan's national goal of agricultural sustainability.